Viral inhibitions of PACT-induced RIG-I activation

Viral inhibitions of PACT-induced RIG-I activation

RIG-I and dsRNA-Induced IFNβ Activation

Except for viruses that initiate RNA synthesis with a protein primer (e.g., picornaviruses), most RNA viruses initiate RNA synthesis with an NTP, and at least some of their viral (ppp)RNAs remain unblocked during the infection. Consistent with this, most viruses require RIG-I to mount an innate immune response, whereas picornaviruses require mda-5. We have examined a SeV infection whose ability...

Molecular imprinting as a signal-activation mechanism of the viral RNA sensor RIG-I.

RIG-I activates interferon signaling pathways by promoting filament formation of the adaptor molecule, MAVS. Assembly of the MAVS filament is mediated by its CARD domain (CARD(MAVS)), and requires its interaction with the tandem CARDs of RIG-I (2CARD(RIG-I)). However, the precise nature of the interaction between 2CARD(RIG-I) and CARD(MAVS), and how this interaction leads to CARD(MAVS) filament...

Mechanisms of RIG-I-like receptor activation and manipulation by viral pathogens.

RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) play important roles in the host defense to numerous viral pathogens. Since they were discovered, much light has been shed on the molecular details of how these cytoplasmic viral RNA receptors sense viral infection and orchestrate antiviral innate immunity. Intriguingly, in addition to viral RNA binding, a series of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) is required ...

Structural insights into the activation of RIG-I, a nanosensor for viral RNAs.

Animal cells use a group of innate immune sensors to detect viral invasion. The RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) family of RNA helicases is largely responsible for detecting replicating viral RNAs in the cytosol of most, if not all, cells infected with RNA viruses (Rehwinkel & Reis e Sousa, 2010). Two RLRs, RIG-I and MDA5, recognize different types of viral RNA, and thus launch antiviral immune respon...